What is the primary role of mitochondria in a cell?

The primary role of mitochondria in a cell is energy production. Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they convert energy stored in food molecules into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the main energy currency of the cell. Through processes like oxidative phosphorylation and the Krebs cycle, they effectively harness energy from nutrients and utilize it to power various cellular activities.

This energy production is crucial for maintaining the cell's functions, as many biological processes require energy to occur, including cell division, movement, and anabolic reactions. While mitochondria are involved in other functions, such as regulating cellular metabolism and apoptosis, their primary function remains the critical production of ATP.