What is the primary function of ribosomes?

The primary function of ribosomes is to produce proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains. This process is known as translation. Ribosomes read the sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA and use that information to string together the appropriate amino acids in the correct order, forming a protein. This is a crucial step in gene expression, as proteins play essential roles in virtually all cellular functions, from catalyzing metabolic reactions to providing structural support.

In contrast, other functions such as transcribing DNA are carried out by RNA polymerase, not ribosomes. The degradation of waste materials is primarily the job of lysosomes and various cellular recycling processes. Synthesis of lipids is carried out by smooth endoplasmic reticulum, not ribosomes. Therefore, the correct answer highlights the ribosome’s unique and vital role in protein synthesis.