What do axons do in a neuron?

Axons play a critical role in the functioning of neurons by transporting impulses away from the cell body. This is essential for communication between neurons and for transmitting signals to other cells in the body. When a neuron is activated, the electrical impulse (or action potential) travels down the axon to its terminal, where it can then trigger the release of neurotransmitters into the synapse. This process is vital for processes such as reflex actions, muscle contraction, and communication in the nervous system.

The other options relate to functions that are not performed by axons. For instance, carrying impulses toward the cell body is the job of dendrites, while storing neurotransmitters is primarily associated with synaptic vesicles in the axon terminals. The connection to sensory organs involves specialized neurons or receptors that transduce sensory information, which is a different function from that of axons. Thus, the primary role of axons as carriers of impulses away from the cell body is fundamental to the operation of the nervous system.